Social Entrepreneurial Intention Research Articles

The Influence of Social Media and Perceived Barriers on Formation of Social Entrepreneurial Intention: A Conceptual Framework

Social entrepreneurship is garnering global attention and emerging as a noteworthy business model. Scholars and practitioners assert that social entrepreneurship is pivotal in addressing and resolving social problems through sustainable solutions. However, evidence suggests that barriers can impede individuals from becoming social entrepreneurs or postpone the decision to initiate a social venture. Furthermore, despite the influential role of social media in shaping general public attitudes and behavior, there is limited attention given to its impact on social entrepreneurship. Consequently, this study employs the theory of planned behavior to create a new framework that incorporates various variables potentially influencing social entrepreneurial intention (SEI). This study contributes to the social entrepreneurship literature by offering new insights into the factors affecting SEI. Beyond advancing theoretical knowledge, it enhances policymakers' understanding of the antecedents of SEI, enabling them to formulate effective policies that encourage suitable individuals to pursue social entrepreneurship.

COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ON INTENTIONS OF STUDENTS IN SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP

The capacity to affect change on a local and global scale about a range of political, social, environmental, and economic challenges is known as social entrepreneurship (SE). Young exposure to theory and practice of social entrepreneurship at postsecondary educational institutions is thought to influence this change. In this study, we examine the intentions of students in social entrepreneurship. This study's objective is to assess the degrees of social and entrepreneurial entrepreneurship. For the study, 150 college students served as the sample. This study examines empathy, moral duty, social support, self-efficacy, social impact, and educational level as principal motivators for social entrepreneurship intentions. The SPSS is a software program used to analyse the data and perform statistical analyses. The findings indicate that the only factors that were statistically correlated with the desire to engage in social entrepreneurship were empathy, self-efficacy, and psychological support. The association between social support and the ambitions for social entrepreneurship was shown to be unfavourable. In conclusion, the study provides insightful information for practitioners and educators who aim to foster a vibrant environment for student social entrepreneurship.

Exploring the Factors that Shape the Intentions of Namibian Youths Towards Social Entrepreneurship

This study investigates the factors influencing social entrepreneurial intentions among youth in Namibia and explores their relationship with social entrepreneurship. The research adopts a qualitative and quantitative approach. Data was collected through google form which was sent via Namibian WhatsApp group in India. 69 students participated in the study, where 42 were females and 22 males. The data are analysed using factor analysis and regression analysis. The findings show that among young Namibians, self-efficacy and prior experience are major predictors of social entrepreneurship goals. In addition, when asked about the obstacles preventing them from launching social initiatives, respondents stated that 68% cited restricted access to cash as the key barrier, 7% mentioned a lack of self-esteem and competence in the area of social entrepreneurship, and 4% mentioned a lack of support networks. These findings offer valuable insights into the primary factors influencing social entrepreneurship in the Namibian context, providing guidance for policymakers and practitioners aiming to promote social entrepreneurship among youth. Additionally, the study recommends that higher education institutions incorporate social entrepreneurship into their curricula across various subjects. By providing insights to educators, policymakers, and youth, this research underscores the positive impact of social entrepreneurship on communities, contributes to the ongoing discourse, and raises awareness about social entrepreneurship among young individuals.

I Am Not Aiming to Be Too Famous: The Exploration of Social Entrepreneurial Intention

Social entrepreneurship (SE) offers an alternative and innovative solution to address complex social problems. Acknowledging the importance of social entrepreneurship for society, researchers and practitioners have been attracted to this topic in recent decades. However, research on the complexity of personal-level variables on understanding why some individuals engage in SE while others are not is still scarce. To address the issue, this study introduces two determinants of SEI—internal locus of control (ILOC) and need for power—and their interaction, and uses a sample of students in a developing country, Indonesia. Using moderating and simple slope analysis, the results show that students with a high level of ILOC have a higher tendency to establish a social enterprise. However, that relationship is getting stronger only when students’ explicit need for power is at a low level while the implicit need for power has no effect. That is, getting high visibility from society is not necessary to start a social enterprise. We argue that religion might be at the basis of these results and provide suggestions for future research.

How Karmic Beliefs and Belief in Just World Interact to Activate Social Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Polynomial Regression with Response Surface Analysis

Little is known about how religious beliefs (i.e. karmic beliefs and beliefs in a just world) can active individuals’ social entrepreneurship. Integrating the justice motive theory within stimulus-organism-response framework, our study aims to explore the individual, complementary, congruent, and incongruent impacts of karmic beliefs and belief in a just world on social entrepreneurial intention as well as the mediation role of empathy and moral obligation in this relationship. Using a sample of 401 individuals and employing polynomial regression with response surface analysis, findings indicate that karmic beliefs and belief in a just world serve as significant stimuli which not only inspire empathic and moral organisation, but indirectly reinforce individuals’ social entrepreneurial intentions. Moreover, high levels of both karmic beliefs and beliefs in a just world can enhance organisms (empathy and moral obligation), and behavioural responses (social entrepreneurial intentions), but imbalanced levels of these beliefs erode such organisms and responses. Some practical implications have been recommended to foster social business ventures based on the findings of the current study.

Unfolding the determinants of university students’ intentions toward digital social entrepreneurship

Digital social entrepreneurship is increasingly receiving recognition in emerging economies to maximize societal benefit. The objective of this study is to examine the factors determining students’ intentions toward digital social entrepreneurial ventures. The targeted population was students of various programs, namely business, humanities, science, tourism, and pharmacy, of private and public universities in Bangladesh. This study is quantitative and exploratory in nature, whereas online self-administered questionnaires were prepared to collect data from 433 students in Bangladesh between January and June 2023. The model was tested and the hypotheses were confirmed at the 5% significance level using SPSS v26.0; a Cronbach’s alpha (α) value of 0.70 or higher was considered adequate for measuring reliability. The results show that students’ innovativeness, social pro-activeness, and risk-taking motive positively affect their intention toward digital social entrepreneurial intention. These results may aid in developing successful plans and regulations to support the expansion of digital social entrepreneurial intention in Bangladesh by the government, non-governmental organizations, the neighborhood, civil society, and researchers.

The Influence of Personality Traits on Social Entrepreneurship Intentions in the Moroccan Context

The main aim of this study is to investigate the intention of undergraduate students in Morocco to engage in social entrepreneurship. To achieve this, the research will adopt the theory of planned behaviour as the theoretical framework. The study extends the model by including entrepreneurial and pro-social personality traits as additional constructs. For that purpose, a survey was conducted on a sample of 300 young adults using a questionnaire. We find positive relationships between attitudes, perceived control, subjective norms, moral obligation, and social entrepreneurial intentions. Conversely, empathy did not have any influence on social entrepreneurial intentions, attitudes, or subjective norms. Overall, we contribute to the upcoming domain of social entrepreneurship research by investigating the relationship between entrepreneurial and pro-social personality traits and social entrepreneurial intention.

THE APPLICATION OF SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY IN PREDICTING THE ANTECEDENTS OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION

This study analyzes the influence of self-efficacy, role models, and attitudes toward social entrepreneurship on social entrepreneurial intention. It also examines the moderating role of role models in the relationship between self-efficacy and social entrepreneurial intention. This study uses a structural equation model to test five hypotheses. It relies on primary data collected through questionnaires distributed to 114 students from various Indonesian universities. These respondents, identified through convenience sampling, had all learned social entrepreneurship at their university. This study found that self-efficacy positively affects social entrepreneurial intention; role models also positively influence social entrepreneurial intention and attitude toward social entrepreneurship; and attitude toward social entrepreneurship positively impacts social entrepreneurial intention. Role models do not moderate the relationship between self-efficacy and social entrepreneurial intention. The originality of this research lies in its novel adaptation of social learning theory and social cognitive career theory to understand social entrepreneurial intention. As such, this study adds to the theoretical understanding of social entrepreneurial intention, which has been intensively studied using the theory of planned behavior.

체험형 사회적 창업교육 참여자의 사회적 창업의도 예측요인

Social entrepreneurs play a crucial role in addressing entrenching societal problems that are difficult to solve at the individual level. To cultivate future social entrepreneurs, institutions increasingly provide experiential education programs where participants engage directly in social entrepreneurial activities. This study aims to identify psychological factors influencing the development of social entrepreneurial intentions among participants in such programs. Highlighting the challenging nature of a social entrepreneurial career, we propose that participants' learning goal orientation, meaning at work, and bottom-line mentality climate perception shape their intentions to become social entrepreneurs. We collected and analyzed two-wave survey data from 149 university students participating in an intensive experiential social entrepreneurship education program in South Korea. Results indicate that learning goal orientation positively affects meaning at work, which in turn, enhances social entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore, bottom-line mentality climate perceptions moderate the positive relationship between learning goal orientation and meaning at work, as well as the positive effect of learning goal orientation on social entrepreneurial intentions via meaningful work. This study has several significant implications. First, it proposes and demonstrates that individual participants' learning goal orientation and meaning at work serve as predictors of the development of social entrepreneurial intentions during an experiential entrepreneurial education program. In doing so, it sheds light on the critical role of psychological variables in influencing the outcomes of entrepreneurial education. Second, the study reveals the negative effects of bottom-line mentality climate perception on shaping social entrepreneurial intentions, suggesting the necessity for educational frameworks that incorporate environmental contexts. Finally, this research offers evidence-based insights that educational institutions, policy-makers, and business leaders can utilize in devising strategies and systems to nurture the next generation of social entrepreneurs.

Social entrepreneurial intention among university students in China

The issues of employment, social inequality, and resource scarcity can be effectively addressed through social entrepreneurship, contributing to the growing research interest on the formation of social entrepreneurial intention. Using the theory of planned behaviour, the current study examined the influence of selected key factors on social entrepreneurial intention among university students. Based on the cross-sectional quantitative research design, online survey was conducted, which involved 684 students and graduates from five universities in Southern China. The obtained results demonstrated the significant and positive influence of perceived values on sustainability, opportunity recognition competency, attitude towards entrepreneurship, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control on social entrepreneurial intention. Additionally, attitude towards entrepreneurship partially mediated the relationships of risk-taking propensity, self-efficacy, and need for achievement on social entrepreneurial intention. The multi-group analysis results also showed that need for achievement and social entrepreneurial intention differed significantly between genders, which provides new ideas for future investigations into the impact of gender on social entrepreneurial intentions. Based on the findings of this study, it is crucial that university students are exposed to relevant courses or training to develop social entrepreneurship competencies and promote sustainable values. The findings of this study will provide policymakers with relevant policy guidelines and more effective theoretical support to achieve the goal of promoting social entrepreneurship among university students in a more resource-efficient and effective manner.

Drivers of Student Social Entrepreneurial Intention Amid the Economic Crisis in Lebanon: A Mediation Model

Entrepreneurship, once a choice, has now evolved into a critical lifeline for the youth in Lebanon amid a prolonged and extensive economic crisis, now entering its fourth year. This crisis has triggered a shift in the mindset of Lebanese youth, driven by the high unemployment rate, acting as a catalyst for a transition towards entrepreneurship as a viable career choice. This study underscores the necessity of comprehending the determinants shaping social entrepreneurial intentions among Lebanese students. The goal is to identify these determinants, allowing for the implementation of necessary measures to not only enhance these intentions but also facilitate their transformation into tangible actions, thereby propelling economic growth and fostering sustainable development. The research investigates the intricate interplay of entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial passion, and moral obligation, with entrepreneurial self-efficacy serving as a mediating factor. Conducting a survey among 265 participants from four universities in Lebanon using convenience sampling, this research employs Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) for analysis. The results reveal that entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial passion significantly boost students’ belief in their entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Simultaneously, entrepreneurial self-efficacy intensifies students’ entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, a positive correlation is observed between moral obligation and social entrepreneurial intention. These findings hold significant implications for educators and policymakers, offering insights to guide initiatives aimed at enhancing entrepreneurial education and fostering an environment conducive to socially impactful ventures, in light of the economic and political crisis that Lebanon is currently facing. Likewise, researchers can gain insights from the theoretical foundations of the present study and discover possible pathways for future analyses. Moreover, integrating sustainability principles into entrepreneurial education could further amplify the social and economic impact of ventures in Lebanon’s challenging context.

Impact of Personality Traits and Sustainability Orientation on Social Entrepreneurial Intentions among Engineering Graduates: A Test of the Big Five Personality Approach

The study intends to explore the relationship that exists between the big five personality traitsagreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism, openness, and sustainability orientationand the intention of engineering students to engage in social entrepreneurship. The data were analyzed using SMART PLS software. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was distributed to 259 samples both in-person and online. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the impact of the big five personality traits and sustainability orientation on the intention to engage in social entrepreneurship.The reliability was assessed using Cronbach Alpha and Composite Reliability (CR), the multicollinearity was assessed using the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF), and the discriminant validity was assessed using the Fornell and Larcker criterion and the Hetero Trait-Mono Trait (HTMT) ratio. The study identified that social entrepreneurship intention is positively and significantly impacted by the proxies of the big five personality traits, including openness, agreeableness, extraversion, and sustainability orientation. The research indicates that graduates from engineering whohavea strong focus on sustainability orientation, alongside their personality traits, tend to demonstrate an elevated desire and intention to set up social enterprises. The findings of the study provide policymakers valuable insights into crafting targeted incentives for graduates, aimed at fostering the growth of social enterprises.

Can women empowerment contribute to sustainable growth – examining the enablers for social enterprise performance of women social entrepreneurs in India

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that drive superior social enterprise performance for women-led social enterprises. The authors examined the role of individual entrepreneur cognitive characteristics contributing to social enterprise performance and recommended a framework for women's social entrepreneur development. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted an exploratory qualitative study of 22 women founders of social enterprises using a semi-structured questionnaire. In-depth interviews were conducted, and the transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Findings This study found a significant impact of self-efficacy on the performance of social enterprises among the studied subjects. Social support in the form of material, information and emotional support enhanced the ability of women social entrepreneurs to better achieve business sustenance and continuance of operations. The business skills of the women social entrepreneurs led them to move from just social impact generators to becoming thought leaders. The strong prosocial motivation of the founders contributed to building their resilience in the face of adversity. Research limitations/implications This study extended the existing theories on social entrepreneurship by bringing the dimensions of entrepreneurial resilience in driving social enterprise performance along with business skills. Thus, it provided an enhanced explanation to the existing body of knowledge on contributors to superior social enterprise performance. Practical implications This study gathered insights into the role of entrepreneurship education focused on business skills, especially for women social entrepreneurs in achieving superior performance for their social ventures. This also reconfirmed the role of social support and how structurally this could be provided by educational systems to aspiring women social entrepreneurs. Social implications The practice of social entrepreneurship by women social entrepreneurs has been growing. Its importance in developing economies because of its ability to make grassroots changes at the lower levels of society was substantive. Women have shown more inclination toward social business with an affinity for prosocial contribution. By focusing on nurturing these social enterprises, governments as well as global agencies like the United Nations and the World Economic Forum could accelerate social change. Furthermore, support for the current women social entrepreneurs as change-makers making a difference in society could be achieved. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research study was one of the first studies on women social entrepreneurs focusing on the factors of self-efficacy, social support and entrepreneurial resilience contributing to social enterprise performance. This study combined the social entrepreneurship intention theory with entrepreneurial resilience and business skills to understand the factors leading to successful social enterprise performance for women social entrepreneurs.

Catalysts for Change: Examining Prosocial Motivation's Role in Fostering Social Entrepreneurial Intentions Among Women in Matrilineal Cultures

Social entrepreneurship is important to attaining the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) worldwide. Currently, women have been heavily involved in social entrepreneurship activities. However, until now, a study involving women of Minang ethnicity (matrilinear lineage) on the student's interest in social entrepreneurship still needs to be completed. The objective of this paper is to look into the impact of prosocial and intrinsic motivation antecedents on women’s social entrepreneurial intention. The inquiry model was tested in this study using a quantitative technique. This study involved 250 Minang students (female)who met the criteria that they had taken lectures for at least two semesters in Padang City. The moderating variables were investigated using the Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) approach effect of intrinsic motivation (STATA). An interesting finding from this study is that prosocial motivation shows a positive and significant effect on social entrepreneurial intention. The urge to engage in social action triggers them to become social entrepreneurs. Although the results of the moderating effect are not proven, the implications of this investigation are very helpful for the government and higher education to develop a social entrepreneurship ecosystem and social entrepreneurship education. The originality of this paper lies in the fact that previous studies haven’t focused on the role of culture in shaping the social entrepreneurial intention of Minang students.

Perspective-Taking or Feeling? The Role of Cognitive and Affective Empathy for Adolescents’ Social Entrepreneurial Intentions

Given the world’s current challenges, including poverty, health care, and migration, adolescents will most likely play a critical part in the development of social entrepreneurial solutions that affect their own futures. Nonetheless, previous research mostly overlooks adolescents as prospective founders. This paper analyses how cognitive and affective empathy can affect adolescents’ intention to create a social enterprise. Data from 343 adolescents show that respondents are more prone to start a social venture if they have a high level of cognitive empathy. Affective empathy, however, plays a minor role in this regard. This indicates that perspective-taking abilities (i.e. cognitive empathy) are advantageous for the formation of social entrepreneurial intentions in adolescence, while emotional responses (i.e. affective empathy) may be less meaningful. We discuss implications for future research, policy making, and importantly, education to identify and support future social entrepreneurs at an early age.

Environmental Journalist Migration: How Entrepreneurial Creativity Facilitates Social Entrepreneurship in Taiwan

Journalism, which provides the public with reliable information, can be perceived to be a social service for the public interest. Modern journalism might evolve into social entrepreneurship, with a focus on creating value for the public amid institutional pressures. Two studies were conducted to investigate the effects of various factors on the social entrepreneurial intention (SEI) of environmental journalists. Study 1, with 287 respondents, confirmed the factor structures of the scales that were used. Study 2, with 352 respondents, confirmed the five precursors to SEI, namely, prior experience, empathy, moral obligation, social support, and self-efficacy, and two aspects of entrepreneurial creativity, namely originality and usefulness. Additionally, two aspects of SEI were identified: conviction and preparation. Accordingly, social support (followed by prior experience, empathy, and usefulness) was the most influential factor on entrepreneurial conviction. Social support (followed by usefulness, prior experience, and empathy) also had the greatest influence on entrepreneurial preparation. Conversely, moral obligation negatively affected both entrepreneurial conviction and preparation. The results have considerable theoretical implications for social services and journalism scholarship by suggesting entrepreneurial creativity as a mediator facilitating journalists’ SEI, social responsibility as a substitute for moral obligation, and emphasis on the effects of social support and self-efficacy.

Effect of digital literacy on social entrepreneurial intentions and nascent behaviours among students and practitioners in mass communication

Because journalism and mass communication have changed dramatically in the digital era, exploring alternative career paths for students and practitioners in mass communication may offer valuable insights for the future of the field. Considering the emphasis on decent work opportunities and responsible production practices outlined in the Sustainable Development Goals, this study evaluates the determinants of social entrepreneurial intentions and behaviours of students and practitioners of mass communication in Taiwan. A quantitative survey method is adopted. In total, 814 participants, consisting of 373 students and 441 practitioners, provided valid responses, which were analysed utilising structural equation modelling. The results in both samples indicate positive direct effects of perceived social support, perceived social awareness of peers, and digital literacy on social entrepreneurial intentions, and positive direct effects of digital literacy and social entrepreneurial intentions on social entrepreneurial behaviours. The study identifies digital literacy as a critical element for fostering social entrepreneurial intentions and behaviours. Moreover, educational implications and suggestions are also provided.

How empathy and social entrepreneurial self-efficacy interact to affect social entrepreneurial intention: A polynomial regression with response surface analysis

Research background: Previous studies have argued that empathy (EMP) is an important factor that enhances individuals’ intention to engage in social business. However, the effect of this factor on social entrepreneurial intention (SEI) is unclear (Ukil et al., 2023). Also, although numerous studies have explored the individual impacts of EMP and social entrepreneurial self-efficacy (SES) on SEI, there is a notable scarcity of research that delves into the combined influence of these two predictor variables on the intention to engage in social business. Purpose of the article: This study proposes that EMP does not only individually affect, but also interacts with other factors to influence the intention to start a social business. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how EMP and SES interact to promote SEI. Methods: Based on a survey dataset of 409 respondents in Vietnam, this study employed polynomial regression with response surface analysis to examine the complementary, balance, and imbalance effects of EMP and SES on SEI. Findings & value added: This study's results suggest complementary effects between EMP and SES on SEI. Specifically, this study finds that when EMP and SES are balanced at higher levels, SEI is higher, and when their imbalance increases in either direction, SEI is lower. In addition, this study finds that the degree of SEI is higher when individuals have high SES with low EMP compared to the other way round. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of the complexity of motivation and how it affects SEIs, revealing the complex interaction between EMP and SES in shaping these intentions within a multidimensional motivational framework.

Fearful pathways to social entrepreneurship intention: A fuzzy-set qualitative content analysis

The context of social entrepreneurship, the constantly evolving challenges that it seeks to resolve, and the accompanying high levels of uncertainty creates a useful opportunity context for us to study the dynamics of fear of failure. Fear of failure has been championed as an ideal construct for developing understanding of entrepreneurial motivation as it impacts on one's level of entrepreneurial intention. Most research has taken fear of failure to be absolute, you either fear failing in entrepreneurship as a whole or you do not. Furthermore, research has largely focused on fear of failure's debilitative effects which can limit our understanding of a rich and complex construct. In this paper we embrace fear of failure's complexity via drawing on contemporary work on both it's situated nature and how it interacts with the entrepreneur-opportunity nexus. We use Fuzzy-set Comparative Qualitative Analysis (fsQCA) on a sample of 173 entrepreneurship undergraduate students in Spain. Our findings uncover the equifinal pathways that can lead to a social entrepreneurship intention.

The Mediating Role of Religiosity, Self-Efficacy, Moral Obligation in Prior Experience on Social Entrepreneurial Intention: Undergraduate Student Managing Country Indonesia

The Mediating Role of Religiosity, Self-Efficacy, Moral Obligation in Prior Experience on Social Entrepreneurial Intention: Undergraduate Student Managing Country Indonesia